Haynes, Gary. 1991. Mammoths, mastodonts, and elephants. Cambridge Univ. Pr., Cambridge. 413 pp. QE882.P8H39 1991

Maglio, V. J. 1973. Origin and evolution of the Elephantidae. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ns., 63(3):1-149.

Shoshani, J., and P. Tassy, eds. 1996. The Proboscidea: Evolution and palaeoecology of elephants and their relatives. Oxford Univ. Pr., New York. 472 pp.

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